N: NARRATOR P: PROFESSOR
N: Listen to a talk on a medical technique.
P: OK, are we ready? Our lecture for today will Involve relaxation […………………………]. Many associate these techniques with stress and […………………………]relief, and yes, that’s what they’re for, but we will be discussing these mainly as they relate to […………………………]. In medical practice, there’s been a growing trend toward integrating […………………………]that complement treatment. Well, In the field of surgery, this Integration has been somewhat […………………………]. But. uh, recently, there has been greater Interest in complementary therapies that will benefit patients who […………………………]surgery. So, let’s take a look at how successful the use of relaxation techniques has been In […………………………].
OK, I’m sure I’m correct when I say that In general people fear having to undergo a […………………………]procedure, even If It’s a simple one. Even a visit to the […………………………]can make men faint. An operation Is a psychologically […………………………]event that rankfes the most self¬possessed Individual. Aside from the fear of dying during surgery or from the side effects of it, patients dread the post-surgery pain. They’re afraid they might awaken during surgery. They feel […………………………]waiting for surgery to start, and they don’t want to face the […………………………]and vomiting associated with an operation, the […………………………], and making a fool of themselves. And when an Individual about to undergo surgery is […………………………]by these fears, he will become […………………………]and even depressed. […………………………]practitioners know that the outcome … when a patient Is not relaxed … Is an Increased chance of […………………………]. One follow-up study showed that of the […………………………] patients who died within a year after their discharge, 10 of them had been depressed.
So have there been any programs […………………………]to address this concern? Uh, hospitals have Implemented […………………………]methods to relieve fear and anxiety. They noted that some patients did […………………………]favorably, but that others did not. Why? Maybe we can explain this by looking at the results of another study. In this one, there was a control group and a group that received special care. The latter received information on what to […………………………]. They were taught […………………………]and muscle relaxation techniques. Then they were visited daily after surgery. The control group didn’t get any of these […………………………]. And the result? There was In the special group a fifty percent less need for […………………………]to relieve pain. But … what did the special group consider most helpful In relaxing them? Their answer was the show of […………………………]care by the […………………………]. The simple concern for another human being was what relaxed them most, they said.
Other research […………………………]this finding. A preoperative visit by the surgeon has an […………………………]Impact on the outlook of a patient and […………………………]the outcome of the operation, Surgeons usually come In to give a formal-sounding […………………………]of what will be done during the operation, Now In the study I described, instead of giving the usuai information […………………………], the surgeons were very friendly and […………………………]. The formal visit actually increased anxiety in the patients whereas the friendly visit […………………………]anxiety In high-anxiety […………………………]. Patients saw the manner In which the surgeons gave information as an […………………………]of the surgeon’s feelings toward them. The formal spiel was seen as somewtiat […………………………], One point I need to bring out though. The need for information was […………………………]on patient desire, Some patients did not want to know what was going to take place. Other patients […………………………]being told.
OK, let’s look at some of the […………………………]relaxation techniques that […………………………]patient participation. Deep breathing and other relaxation techniques were taught to different groups of patients—in one, […………………………] women undergoing a hysterectomy, In another […………………………] patients undergoing […………………………]surgery, and in the third, […………………………] patients undergoing […………………………]surgery. In the first, the relaxation techniques reduced hospital stay from […………………………]days average to […………………………]days … a reduction of 1.3 days. In the cardiac group, the success of pain management was […………………………]. It v/as reported that […………………………] percent of the patients who learned relaxation techniques experienced less pain than the control group. In the […………………………]patients, their hormones were measured. Increased levels of cortisol and […………………………]show Increased stress and anxiety levels. Relaxation techniques reduced the levels of these two hormones In the abdominal patients.
I haven’t discussed other relaxation techniques being used … […………………………]and suggestion, Imagery, which would Include biofeedback, autogenic training and desensltlzation techniques … also there’s […………………………], herbs and nutritional supplements. Can we make any conclusion regarding relaxation techniques as a […………………………]therapy to surgery? Well, the studies do suggest that they are effective, but what is needed Is a measure of the specific […………………………]changes that can be attributed to relaxation techniques.
N Narrator S Student P Professor
N: Listen to a conversation between a student and his professor.
S: Hi, professor Lucas.
P: Miguel, thanks for […………………………] In. I have good news for you.
S: Is It a job?
P: Yes. There’s an opening for a teacher’s […………………………]for sociology, and I thought you’d be perfect for It, so I asked professor King to give it to you.
S: Professor Lucas, I’m really […………………………]to you for recommending me, but I already have a job.
P: You do?
S: Yes, I … had some money problems, so I had to make a quick […………………………]about work.
P: Um … could you tell me what your job Is now?
S: Yeah, I’m a part-time kitchen assistant. The pay is not too bad. It’ll help me pay for personal […………………………].
P: Well, you know, I’m happy you got a job and you’re taking care of your money problems, but I really think you would […………………………] from working as a TA It would suit your […………………………]so much more, and don’t forget, you’re a […………………………]major.
S: I know, but there’s a really important reason why I decided to take the job, professor. This […………………………], I’m writing a paper on social […………………………], and I decided to […………………………]the organization in a small restaurant.
P: I see … But why did you decide on a restaurant? I would think that there are more interesting organizations to analyze.
S: Yes, but I needed this job and It’s walking distance from my […………………………], so I won’t have to spend too much time getting to wotk. And sure, it’s a small organization, but still, I’ve always been […………………………]about the […………………………]of a small organization where the people work closely together.
P: Well, then you certainly have good reasons for choosing a […………………………]. By the way, isn’t professor King your adviser?
S: As a matter of fact, he !s. He may have forgotten that I have the morning shift, so I don’t really think I could do the TA work […………………………]. I mean, I’ll be busy and all.
P: Oh, but the TA hours aren’t for the morning. Well, I’m not really sure what tasks professor King wants to […………………………]his TA but If the […………………………]isn’t too heavy, would you consider doing It for him? I know you’re busy, but I cant think of anyone more […………………………]to the role than you. And plus, he did remark that you’d be perfect
S: Weil … I can’t promise anything, but … sure I’ll look into It. Knowing professor King, though, there’ll be a lot of work to do.